What to do two (2) months from the ECE board exam. The 60 Days Review Program.

2 Months Before the Board Exam.


60 days before the board is the most critical period of the review. By this
time, you should have finished reading books and have familiarized yourself
with the different types of problems and formulas in Mathematics including
GEAS, Electronics and Communications. The Refresher Course, most
probably, have just started at this point. You must have accomplished at this
point the following:


For Math, you can answer the basic problems easily; and for the hard
ones, you can solve it by just recalling the necessary formula and
constants from your notes, or at the very least, understands how it is
solved, step-by-step, while looking from some sample problems on
your notes.


For Electronics, you can answer problems requiring basic equations
easily; and for the hard ones, you know where from your notes/books
you can find the necessary formulas to solve it. But more importantly,
you must fully understand the basics of electronics - I'm pertaining to
the WHY's and HOW's of electronics and not the WHAT's. For
example, "How does an electron flow inside a BJT during normal
operation?", then a follow-up question would be "Why does an
electron flows that way?".


For Communications, you must know what and how formulas and
constants are used in different types of problems. And like
Electronics, you must understand the important principles and
concepts, and at least, be able explain it to yourself. For example,
"How does an electromagnetic wave propagates in different mediums
and how does it differs from longitudinal waves such us a sound
wave?".


The 60 Days Review Program.


If you are at least 70% confident to say that you have achieved the above
requirements prior to starting this remaining 60 days review program, then
you can maximize the benefits of the following guidelines on how to spend
the remaining days of your review.


In choosing the schedule for your refresher course, I suggest that you
choose the weekend section (Saturadays and Sundays) especially if you are
far from your review center, so that you will have a longer time reviewing on
your own.


Since at this point you already understood most of the basic principles (the
answer to the WHY's and HOW's) in Electronics and Communications, and
you at least know what and how formulas and constants are used in solving
different types of problems in Math, Electronics and Communications, you
just need one more step before you can confidently face the Licensure Exam
- and that is to MEMORIZE.


MEMORIZED PRINCIPLES and FORMULAs


Yes, for the remaining 60 days, the only task left to you is to memorize
everything that could possibly help you on the day of the exam. There are 2
sets of information that you need to memorize: the first is a set of Question-
Answer pairs and the second set includes all of the formulas, constants,
definitions, tables, laws, standards, dates, and a lot more.


For the second set, here is my suggestion: For formulas, write all important
formulas in a clean sheet of bond paper, one page: one topic. For example,
one page of formulas related to Acoustics, 1 page for Solid Geometry, etc.
Write only the formulas that you understand how it is used in a problem. As
much as possible, avoid including formulas which could be easily derived
from other formulas. Box each formula. But please, avoid the temptation to
include all formulas you find in different reviewers. Include only the formulas
you used in solving problems for the first 2 months of your review.


For constants, tables, standards, laws, just have a list of what pages of the
books you can find these information. Or if possible, you may photocopy
those pages. Don't waste your time rewriting all of them.


Allotted Time. The 60th day before the exam is the ideal time to create your
own compilation of formulas. Why? Because at this point, you encountered
most of the different types of problems, and you know which formulas are
worth memorizing. Spend 1-2 days preparing this compilation. Also, for 1-2
hours daily, memorize tables, constants, laws, standards and some
formulas.

Final task before you take the ECE board exam






Final tasks before you take the ECE board exam


Take the Board Exam with Confidence. For the 4th and 3rd Months
you READ books, LISTEN attentively to the discussions in your review
center, and from then on continuously PRACTICE SOLVING
problems of different types. Starting the 60th day you MEMORIZED
formulas, constants, laws, standards, and conducted SELFASSESSED
EXAMS to be able to memorize thousands of Question-
Answer pairs. To make sure you miss nothing, you reviewed those
SHEETS of PAPER you created that contains formulas, answers to QA
pairs, etc., 2-3 days before the day of the Exam. Aside from these
Mental Preparation, you have also prepared your self Physically,
Emotionally and Spiritually. Then you said to yourself: "with this
preparation and with GOD's will, I am really afraid of the days to
come... afraid of making it to the top, and delivering my speech in the
Oath Taking Ceremony!"


Well, believe me, Nothing is impossible. But if you are reading this
article months before the Licensure Exam, expect yourself to
experience a higher level of self-discipline and perseverance. And I
am sure you will have your own experience of FEAR - not because
you think you will fail, but rather because you feel you have a very
good chance of making it to the top. You will feel so excited to take
the exam to see the positive results of your hardwork and dedication.
Good luck and GOD Bless your review - future Engineer!

How to test yourself if you were really able to memorize/familiarize the review topics

How to test yourself


The first set of information I mentioned, the Question-Answer pair, can only
be memorized in the most effective way through self-conducted exams. I will
later discuss how to conduct it in the most effective way.
Again, prior to this 60 days all you have to do is to UNDERSTAND all the
Principles and Concepts and to STRENGTHEN your Analytical Skills in
different types of Problems. However, at this point, you don't need to
understand everything. This time, the situation will be: 'If this is the Question,
what is the Correct Answer?' You should not waste time asking how come it
happened that this is the correct answer to this particular question. If the
Question-Answer pair comes from a reliable source, just accept it.
But don't bother yourself much about this scenario of memorizing answers
for each particular questions. If you really studied hard for the first 2 months,
most of the Question-Answer pair would be familiar to you. That's why it is
important that you understood the basic principles in Electronics and
Communications so you will not feel like memorizing answers for questions
from Nursing or CPA Licensure Exams...


Each user is unique in his assessment on which Question-Answer pair is
easy, average or difficult for him. However, with this proper approach to
conducting self-assessed exams that I will suggest to you, I am sure you can
memorize Question-Answer pairs in the most effective and time-efficient
way.


Conducting Self-Assessed Exams. There are 2 key factors to be able to
get the maximum benefit of conducting self-assessed exams: (1) reliable and
updated sources of comprehensive and relevant Question-Answer pairs
such as reviewers, end-of-chapter questions of various books, modules, and
hand-outs and quizzes provided by your review center; and (2) a wellplanned
and systematic approach in dealing with this Q&A sources.


For the sources, some of the best reviewers are those written by Padilla for
Math, by Asubar for Electronics and by Ballado for Communications. I am
sure that your review center will provide the necessary materials for you. The
problem is how to memorize or familiarize yourself to thousands of Question-
Answer pairs in the shortest possible time - considering that you will also
spend time practicing solving problems and memorizing the 2nd set of
information I already mentioned.


Steps in Conducting Self-Assessed Exams:


0. Plan which reviewers and modules you will use. Remember that
your ultimate goal is to memorize or at least to be familiar to as many
Question-Answer pairs as possible, especially those which you lack or
have a little knowledge of.
1. Plan when and how-frequent you will conduct your self-assessed
exams. If you will attend the Sat&Sun Refresher course, you have 5
straight days to study. To give you an idea, to finish a 1000 Q-A pair
reviewer having objective type of questions such as Electronics will
require 10-20 hours. For a 1000 Q-A pair reviewer containing primarily
of problem solving such as a MATH reviewer will require you 30-60
hours.
2. Prepare and print answer sheets. A computer-generated answer
sheet will save your time.
3. Use a stopwatch. Answer the Exam in batches or sets. Record the
duration of the time you answer each set. It is important for your own
performance check, especially if you will answer an entire reviewer at
least twice (I suggest that you do so). It is a great confidence-booster
to know that you are able to answer the reviewer with greater
accuracy and speed as you keep on repeating your exams. What
about aiming to get at least 95% correct for a (100 questions -
objective type - for 15-30 minutes) or a (50 questions - problem
solving type - for 30-60 minutes) after answering it on your second
try?

4.Classify the type of each Question-Answer Pair. While answering,
take note on which of the following types the Q-A pair belongs:
You are sure that you know the correct answer.
You are sure that you know the correct answer, but after
checking you realized your wrong.


You are not sure but you feel you have a high probability of
getting the correct answer.


Through elimination and/or some hints from other related
questions you can determine the correct answer.


It is a problem solving type, and you can answer it correctly if
you only recall the needed formulas and constants.


You encountered similar questions in the past/previous exams,
but you always forget or you always feel confused on which is
the correct answer.


The question is new to you; you don't have any idea.


Then using some marks (i.e. *,**,***,#,etc) at the side of the question
number, you can easily review your exam later. What I did is that I did
not mark the questions that I am sure of the correct answer,
o * for question I think I have a high chance of getting it correctly,
o ** for those with 50-50% chances, and
o *** for those that I completely guessed. I also group (using
brackets) numbers with related questions (i.e. nos. 8-12 are
questions about the different types of motors, etc.)


What's the benefit of doing this?


First, if you get 60/100 and 50 of them are unmarked (meaning, you
are sure that you know the correct answer), you can save your time
and instead focus your attention on the remaining questions that you
either guessed or are confused at. List the Answers in a Clean Sheet
of Paper. Would you agree if I claim that for most Q-A pairs, (after
encountering it at least once), if you were given the correct answer
you can easily recall its partner question, but not the other way
around? For example, in Electronics, I give you 'Valence Shell' as an
answer, what's the question? If you agree with me, then let's use this
fact to our own advantage. How? For each reviewer, for each set,
write the answers of those marked nos. in a clean sheet of bond
paper. If you think it is necessary to add 1-2 words hint for some
answers to aid you in recalling its associated question, do so. Retake
the exams. I suggest that you answer each reviewer twice, especially
those sets where you get below 70%. You may repeat it 3 or more
times but I think it would be a waste of time. The list you created in the
previous step would be enough to aid you in memorizing the Q-A
pairs.


Final Step. After you retake the exams, I am sure that you was able
to reduce that reviewer containing thousands of questions to a set of
2-3 sheets of paper. Your task is to memorize the answers in these
sheets and try to recall their associated questions in your mind. After
doing so, you know you are confident to say that you can answer ALL
of the questions from that particular reviewer.

How to study for the ECE Board Exam

READING


If in college you failed to develop the habit of reading books, then you better
start reading now. The following list enumerates the basic reasons why it is
important to read books:


1. Reading allows you to understand all the principles and concepts -
from the most basic to the most complicated topics.


2. Finishing a book boosts up your self-confidence.


3. Even if you did not memorize all the objective type of information such
as dates, definitions, enumerations, you have a better chance of
recalling it just in case it is asked in the board exam.


Usually, instructors based the principles they teach from the books they have
read. In just a matter of years, who knows, you could be one of them; so
what hinders you from being able to learn by just reading on your own, as
those instructors were able to do.


What to read.


The following are my suggestions on how you can maximize your 4 months
of review and learn as much as possible. It worked for me, but I don't think it
will work for everybody; at least, you have an idea on how and where to
start.


For MATH, you don't need to read books. But if there's some formula that
you feel you need to know the concepts behind, and if you have more than 4
months before the board, then reading won't hurt you. What you must do is
practice solving problems.


For ELECTRONICS, finishing first Grob's Basic Electronics gives you a good
start. For the second book, choose one from Floyd, Boylestad or Malvino.
Then read a book about vacuum tubes - Mehta is a good one. You must also
read a very good reference that discusses motors, and it can be found at
neets_dload page. . Finally, read some references about synchros, servos,
and gyros; it can also be found in NEETs Module 15. These
books/references covers 90% of what you must understand about
electronics. The remaining 10% includes miscellaneous topics which the
review center will provide you during discussions.


For COMMUNICATIONS, books written by William Blake, Frenzel, Wayne
Tomasi, Miller, and Kennedy are just a few. I suggest that you start with the
book by William Blake because it is relatively easy to read and new (2002);
you should finish reading it. Frenzel can help you understand basic AM, FM
and PM especially if you answer its end of chapter questions. It also provides
a good discussion about modems, microwave tubes (magnetron, klystron,
etc.) and microwave semiconductors (Gunn diode, tunnel diode, etc). I
suggest that you read topics in Frenzel which you did not find in Blake.
Tomasi is very difficult to finish for a limited amount of time. I suggest that
you skip chapters about AM, FM, Noise, Transmission Lines, Antenna and
proceed to the chapters about Digital and Data Communications, Satellite
and Mobile Communications. For this chapters, avoid wasting your time on
different formulas because they can be found in most communication
reviewers which you will soon use in your review. You must otherwise focus
on important information such as dates, numbers, enumeration, definition,
etc. Finally, read a reliable communications reviewer that summarizes most
of the important formulas in communications.


Allotted Time.
You should read the suggested materials for 5-7 hours daily for the first 2
months. Expect that you will need to reduce this allotted time to 1-2 hours
daily once you reached the 60 days review period.




LISTENING


If you plan to attend only one review center for the Review Course, you must
attend every meeting, avoid coming late and do your best to listen
attentively. There are times that you will feel sleepy and you can't control it,
well, it's ok. As long as you understand the lesson for the day either by
reading the modules on your own or by making an extra effort to read the
specific topic from your books, you are on the right track. However, if you
always feel sleepy, you have to do something about it. Take at least 8 hours
of sleep the night before each review session.


If you plan to attend two review centers, avoid intentionally missing sessions
from either review centers. Even if you think you know the lesson for those
sessions, you could still possibly miss some important concepts that the
instructor may include in the discussion.


Allotted Time.
You will be listening to the discussion in you review center for an average of
12-20 hours per week for each review center.




PRACTICE


In the board exam, Mathematics and GEAS will be and should be the easiest
subjects. And for Electronics and Communications, the questions that
require computations will be the easiest part of these exams.


There are 2 requirements to be able to solve problems that require
computation: (1) you should know the correct formula to use, and (2) you
should know how to use the formula. And the only way to memorize and
learn how to use those formulas in Math and GEAS, Electronics and
Communications is to let them become a part of your daily activities. Practice
solving problems especially in Math and Communications, for about 2-3
hours daily. You must answer about 20-30 problems daily for the first 2
weeks then increasing it to about 50 problems. You must also plan where to
get these problems so that you can cover all major topics. For Mathematics.


For Electronics, basic computations taught in the review center is more than
enough. By doing this for the first 2 months of your review, you will be able to
answer at least 2,500 questions. Remember, practice makes perfect.


Allotted Time. You should allot 2-4 hours daily solving different types of
problems for the first 2 months. Allotted time for familiarizing in different
types of problems for the last 2 months should be reduced to 1-2 hours daily;
however, this will become a part of the activity - Self-assessed Exams.

How to choose the right review center for the ECE board exams

Whom To Seek Help.


During your review, you will be needing the help and support of your Review Center,
your fellow reviewers and friends, and your family. Most reviewers never fail to seek the
help of our Almighty Creator, which is of course, the most important thing to do. But you
should also not forget to seek help from the individual who can help you the most -
yourself. Believe in yourself. Believe that you can prepare and discipline yourself to
become a competent licensed Electronics Engineer.


Choosing Your Review Center.


If you believe in professional integrity and you really have the desire to learn, you
should find a Review Center that will help you learn almost everything you need to
become a competent ECE (although it is impossible to teach everything in detail). A
good review center must have


1. A well-planned program (it includes systematic scheduling of topics to be
discussed) and


2. Instructors who are highly competent to discuss their assigned subjects and
who are truly committed in helping the students pass the board exam.
All review centers provide two separate courses: the REVIEW COURSE and the
REFRESHER COURSE. The Review Course is like an ordinary lecture class while the
Refresher Course (which usually starts 2 months before the board) may include a
Question and Answer type of discussion or it may be a whole day exam for the
students.


Attending 2 Review Centers.


What about attending two review centers for the Review Course? The advantages of
having 2 centers are first, lessons are discussed twice and with 2 different approaches
(from 2 different instructors) - it really aids retention and better understanding especially
for difficult topics. Second, if one of the center unintentionally fails to include some
lessons, the other one can make up for that. The disadvantages are lesser time to study
on your own and higher tuition fees; but with proper time management and some
financial aids from the centers, it is really advantageous two have 2 review centers.
On the contrary, attending 2 centers for the Refresher Course is more of a
disadvantage. During this period, you will need more time to study on your own.
Nevertheless, I do know some persons who attended 2 refresher courses and pass the
board.


Always remember that whichever review center(s) you choose, their effort in helping
and guiding you in your review is just 30% - 40% of what is needed; you have to provide
the remaining 60% - 70%.

Tips in passing the ECE Board Exam

Starting in the Right Direction  The fact that you are now reading this article means you are ready  to move on and face this new challenge in your life. Before starting your review, just look straightforward - stop regretting and blaming yourself for not being able to study hard enough in college (if you think you did not) and failing to acquire all the knowledge that you are suppose to learn upon graduating from your dear alma mater. From now on, you must be focusing on achieving these two important goals: to LEARN and to PASS the ECE Licensure Exam. 

Probability of Passing To give you an idea, you need to answer correctly 35 out of 50 multiple-choice questions in Mathematics and 70 out of 100 for Electronics and Communications. I can assure you that 4 serious months of review is enough to make an average graduate capable of answering 60% of the questions with confidence. And since each questions has 4 choices, by using all the knowledge you learned plus some techniques (such as elimination method), it is highly probable that you will be able to answer correctly 25% of the remaining questions (or 10% of the total to get 70%). As you may have noticed, using the laws of probability, by luck alone, anyone is capable of answering 25% of the remaining questions correctly. 

Why Take the Board Exam? Have you ever asked yourself why should we first pass the board exam before becoming a full-fledged Electronics and Communications Engineer? It is because not all students who graduated even in prestigious institutions are competent enough to handle the job of an ECE. Ask yourself now, "if I will take the board exam at this very moment, in which case the questions are based from the most basic concepts that a graduate of B.S. E.C.E should know, am I confident enough to say that I will pass the exam?" 

Topping the Board If you think you have studied hard enough in college, and have understood all the lessons from your major subjects, well, good for you - you may take this review as a chance to summarize what you have learned for the past 4 or 5 years. You also have a better chance of not just passing but also making it to the top. If instead, you think otherwise, this is the best opportunity to study what you failed to learn during your college days. 

Review to Learn During the course of your review, do not keep on asking yourself whether you will be able to pass the exam, but rather ask yourself this way: "with this review program I am taking right now, will I be able to LEARN all the BASIC concepts that a new ECE graduate must know, just before the day of the board exam?". 

Be a Professional If you really want to earn your license, you must first teach yourself on how to behave like a professional. Learn how to be PROFESSIONAL enough in facing your new challenge. Many of those who took the board exam fail because they consider studying and preparing for the board exam a burden for themselves. They did not realized that they have endured studying for more than 14 years; and reviewing for some more months should not be as hard as they think. All you need to do is to discipline yourself and study hard for the next 4 months. Always remember that if you really love your degree, LEARNING everything related to your profession will be a rewarding experience. You will see for yourself that PASSING the board exam is inevitable because it will just be a direct consequence of your hard work and dedication to learn. 

Not Everyone Deserves to Pass the Board Exam If at this point, you feel, you are not willing to study hard but instead base your chances of passing to pure luck and worse, from leakages (if there's any), then you deserve to fail the board exam! Because if you do pass, you will not help but instead be a burden to your future company and to the society. What you just want is to use your profession to find a job and earn money. Your not thinking of what you can provide to the company but rather what the company can provide to you. Well, it's not too late for you to change that attitude. If in college you are a lazy student and you have developed the habit of cheating then start changing for your own good and for the goodness of our society. I must add that preparing for the board exam is not purely mental; it includes social, physical, emotional and most importantly spiritual preparation.

NEETS Online Review Part 1 MCQ With Answers Electronics ECE Board Exams

More NEETS MCQ with Answers will be uploaded soon. Keep yourselves posted/updated.

If you cannot see the "Name" field, please click: View On ProProfs.com


Try the online reviewer





Floyd Full Summary Chapter 2

Floyd Full Summary Chapter 2 Electronics



CHAPTER 2
DIODE APPLICATIONS

·  The single diode in a half-wave rectifier is forward-biased and conducts for 180º of the input cycle.

·  The output frequency of a half-wave rectifier equals the input frequency.

·  PIV(peak inverse voltage) is the maximum voltage appearing across the diode in reverse bias.

·  Each diode in a full-wave rectifier is forward-biased and conducts for 180º of the input cycle.

·  The output frequency of a full-wave rectifier is twice the input frequency.

·  The two basic types of full-wave rectifier are center-tapped and bridge.

·  The peak output voltage of a center-tapped full-wave rectifier is approximately one-half of the total peak 
secondary voltage less one diode drop.

·  the PIV for each diode un a center-tapped full wave rectifier is twice the peak output voltage plus one diode drop

·  The peak output voltage of a bridge rectifier equals the total peak secondary voltage less twoo diode drops

·  The PIV for each diode in a bridge rectifier is approximately half that required for an equivalent center-tapped configuration and is equal to the peak output voltage plus one diode drop.

· a capacitor-input filter provides a dc output approximately equal to the peak of its rectified input voltage

·  ripple voltage is caused by the charging and discharging of the filter capacitor.

·  the smaller the ripple voltage, the better the filter

·  Regulation of output voltage over a range of input voltages is called input or line regulation.

·  Regulation of output voltage over a range of load currents is called load regulation.

·  Diode limiters cut off voltage above or below specified levels. Limiters are also called clippers

·  Diode clampers add a dc level to an ac voltage.


·
  A dc power supply typically consists of an input transformer, a diode rectifier, a filter, and a regulator.


Floyd Full Summary Chapter 1




SEMICONDUCTOR BASICS
CHAPTER 1

·  According to the classical Bohr model, the atom is viewed as having a planetary-type structure with electrons orbiting at various distances around the central nucleus.

·  The nucleus of an atom consists of protons and neutrons. The protons have a positive charge and the neutrons are uncharged. The number of protons is the atomic number of the atom.

·  Electrons have a negative charge and orbit around the nucleus at distances that depend on their energy level. An atom has discrete bands of energy called shells in which the electrons orbit. Atomic structure allows a certain maximum number of electrons in each shell. These shells are designated 1, 2, 3, and so on. In their natural state, all atoms are neutral because they have an equal number of protons and electrons.

·  The outermost shell or band of an atom is called the valence band, and electrons that orbit in this band are called valence electrons. These electrons have the highest energy of all those in the atom. If a valence electron acquires enough energy from an outside source such as heat, it can jump out of the valence band and break away from its atom.

·  Semiconductor atoms have four valence electrons. Silicon is the most widely used semiconductive material.

·  Materials that are conductors have a large number of free electrons and conduct current very well. Insulating materials have very few free electrons and do not conduct current at all under normal circumstances. Semiconductive materials fall in between conductors and insulators in their ability to conduct current.

·  Semiconductor atoms bond together in a symmetrical pattern to form a solid material called a crystal. The bonds that hold a crystal together are called covalent bonds. Within the crystal structure, the valence electrons that manage to escape from their parent atom are called conduction electrons or free electrons. They have more energy than the electrons in the valence band and are free to drift throughout the material. When an electron breaks away to become free, it leaves a hole in the valence band creating what is called an electron-hole pair. These electron-hole pairs are thermally produced because the electron has acquired enough energy from external heat to break away from its atom.

·  A free electron will eventually lose energy and fall back into a hole. This is called recombination. But, electron-hole pairs are continuously being thermally generated so there are always free electrons in the material.

·  When a voltage is applied across the semiconductor, the thermally produced free electrons move in a net direction and form the current. This is one type of current in an intrinsic (pure) semiconductor.

·  Another type of current is the hole current. This occurs as valence electrons move from hole to hole creating, in effect, a movement of holes in the opposite direction.

·  An n-type semiconductive material is created by adding impurity atoms that have five valence electrons. These impurities are pentavalent atoms. A p-type semiconductor is created by adding impurity atoms with only three valence electrons. These impurities are trivalent atoms.

·  The process of adding pentavalent or trivalent impurities to a semiconductor is called doping.

·  The majority carriers in an n-type semiconductor are free electrons acquired by the doping process, and the minority carriers are holes produced by thermally generated electron-hole pairs. The majority carriers in a p-type semiconductor are holes acquired by the doping process, and the minority carriers are free electrons produced by thermally generated electron-hole pairs.

·  A pn junction is formed when part of a material is doped n-type and part of it is doped p-type. A depletion region forms starting at the junction that is devoid of any majority carriers. The depletion region is formed by ionization.

NCR Flood Updates - Typhoon Falcon Philippines

Flood Updates


Hello reviewees! We hope that you are not stranded somewhere due to Typhoon Falcon. To help you decide on tomorrow's activities, here is a list of the status of some areas in Metro Manila in terms of being flood-free or passable for vehicles.


Bernardo St. Brgy. Mariblo Quezon City - 5 to 6 feet
flooded areas at EDSA are P. Tuazon - but it is passable 
Araneta Ave. not passable
C.P. Velazquez and C.P. Garcia - gutter deep.
Merville Sales SB; passable
gutter deep in Taft
La Salle Taft - knee deep
p.tuazon cor kalantiaw, proj4 - tire deep
Frisco Del Monte, Quezon City; around 5-6 feet
C4 Lascano-24 inches.
C.P Velasquez Westbouynd-half tire, C.P Garcia Katipunan SB; half tire
E. Rodriguez Delos Santos-half tire, 
Gate 2 Ateneo NB; gutter deep,


C.P Garcia NB; gutter dee
Merville Sales SB; knee deep, 
E.,Rodriguez Araneta- 5 feet, 
Quezon Ave. Araneta NB-waist deep
mckinley hill. Only 1 lane passable due to flood
East Ave.-thigh deep,


Corinthian White Plains-gutter deep
SM Centerpoint Manila Westbound-6 inches
C5 Katipunan SB after flyover-6 inches. 
Makati-Buendia Washington-9 inches, 
Pasong Tamo-9 inches


Marcos Hi-way Dela Paz; half tire, 
Boni Gabbys Mandaluyong-knee deep
Otis to UN N. Villegas-half tire, 
Ramon Magsaysay Boulevard Pureza-10-12 inches, 
Antipolo to Welcome Rotonda-14 inches
Maysilo Mandaluyong Circle-knee deep, 


C4 Lascano-23 inches, 
San Miguel-27 inches
UST España-9 inches, 
Lagusnilad infront of Manila City Hall-knee deep


Antipolo, España to Blumentritt-14 inches, not passable to light vehicles


CAMANAVA area: Lascano San Miguel both sides- 27 inches.


E. Rodriguez Delos Santos; 4 inches, E. Rodriguez Araneta; 10 inches



Don and Don - How to Solve Word Problems in Calculus

Link
http://sxq1wk.pjointe.com/

You can use Google Chrome auto-translate to convert the page from french to english

Blake Chapter 4 MCQ With Answers

Blake Chapter 4



  1.   The FM modulation index:
a.
increases with both deviation and modulation frequency
b.
increases with deviation and decreases with modulation frequency
c.
decreases with deviation and increases with modulation frequency
d.
is equal to twice the deviation


ANS:   B

  2.   One way to derive FM from PM is:
a.
integrate the modulating signal before applying to the PM oscillator
b.
integrate the signal out of the PM oscillator
c.
differentiate the modulating signal before applying to the PM oscillator
d.
differentiate the signal out of the PM oscillator


ANS:   A

  3.   The bandwidth of an FM signal is considered to be limited because:
a.
there can only be a finite number of sidebands
b.
it is equal to the frequency deviation
c.
it is band-limited at the receiver
d.
the power in the outer sidebands is negligible


ANS:   D

  4.   Mathematically, the calculation of FM bandwidth requires the use of:
a.
ordinary trigonometry and algebra
c.
Taylor series
b.
Bessel functions
d.
fractals


ANS:   B

  5.   FM bandwidth can be approximated by:
a.
Armstrong's Rule
c.
Carson's Rule
b.
Bessel's Rule
d.
none of the above


ANS:   C

  6.   NBFM stands for:
a.
National Broadcast FM
c.
Near Band FM
b.
Non-Broadcast FM
d.
Narrowband FM


ANS:   D

  7.   When FM reception deteriorates abruptly due to noise, it is called:
a.
the capture effect
c.
the noise effect
b.
the threshold effect
d.
the limit effect


ANS:   B

  8.   An FM receiver switching suddenly between two stations on nearby frequencies is called:
a.
the capture effect
c.
the "two-station" effect
b.
the threshold effect
d.
none of the above


ANS:   A

  9.   Pre-emphasis is used to:
a.
increase the signal to noise ratio for higher audio frequencies
b.
increase the signal to noise ratio for lower audio frequencies
c.
increase the signal to noise ratio for all audio frequencies
d.
allow stereo audio to be carried by FM stations


ANS:   A

10.   A pre-emphasis of 75 ms refers to:
a.
the time it takes for the circuit to work
b.
the "dead time" before de-emphasis occurs
c.
the time delay between the L and R channels
d.
the time-constant of the filter circuits used


ANS:   D

11.   FM stereo:
a.
uses DSBSC AM modulation
c.
has a higher S/N than mono FM
b.
is implemented using an SCA signal
d.
is not compatible with mono FM


ANS:   A

12.   An SCA signal:
a.
can use amplitude modulation
c.
is monaural
b.
can use FM modulation
d.
all of the above


ANS:   D

13.   The modulation index of an FM signal can be determined readily:
a.
using measurements at points where J0 equals one
b.
using measurements at points where J0 equals zero
c.
using measurements at points where the deviation equals zero
d.
only by using Bessel functions


ANS:   B

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